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| The Siddhaantas ( Aryabhatiya , Suryasiddhanta , Narada Purana) used a given number of planetary revolutions. A Mahayuga or yuga equals 4320.000 revolutions , the moon 57753336 , Jupiter 364220. The Ardharatrikapaksa has the same numbers for a yoga the moon and Jupiter , it gives Saturn 146564 , mars 2296824 , Venus 7022388 and Mercury 17937020. Due to the precession of the equinox the shift through 1 degree arc was 72 years today it is 71.6 . The time period for the equinoctial shift to go through an astrological house (30 degrees) was 72 x 30 = 2160 than two houses were 2160 x 2 = 4320. The ancients multiplied the number by a factor of 1000 at the end of a calculation they would have had to divide by 1000 , today this is called in science the precision of three decimal places. The planet Jupiter above has 364220 orbits , three decimal place precision 4320.000 / 364.220 = 11.86096 here 4320 / 364.2 = 11.86161 the precise measurement of today of one orbit of Jupiter is 11.86 earth years (earth years equals 4320/X as a ratio). Here I want to mention the Veda has Jupiter as the most true and most auspicious of all the planets. Saturn takes 10,759 Earth days or 29.5 earth years. The Vedic number of 146.564 / 4320 = 29.475. The moon in the Yajurveda and Samhita and other books list 27 Naksatras , the moon orbits the earth in 27.3 days (sidereal period) each night it spends in a Naksatra. The above listed lunar orbits at 57753336 revolutions , a ratio of 13 / 1 that is 1 lunar revolution around the earth, 27 days divided by 360 degrees = 13.333.. degrees , 57753.336 / 4320 = 13.3688... that is 360 / 27.3 = 13.186 and 360 / 27 = 13.333...The actual numbers are closer to 25571.6 / 6= 4295.25 as a Yuga and 4295.25 x 13.186 = 56637 and 4320 x 13.333 = 57599.856 this # is totally dependent on today's axis tilt that varies with a 43000 year revolution between 22.1 through 24.5 degrees , presently at 23.6 degrees. The Earth's rotation is slowing at a rate of 0.002 seconds per day per century. As a result of the slowing there is a Conservation of angular momentum the slowing of earth's rotation is accompanied by an increase of the mean Earth-Moon distance of about 3.8 m per century , or 3.8 m cm per year. That is 429.525 century's x 3.8 = 1632.195 meters , this means that today's 27.3 sidereal was 27 degrees in the century's past . The Vedic number 13.368 multiplied by today 27.3 = 365 days is turned into degrees 365.25636 becomes 360 for practical mathematical purposes. Mars in science orbits the sun in 687 earth days. The Vedic number 2296824 for mars in the equation 4320 / 2296.824 = 1.88 then 1.88 x 365.25636 = 686.9953 The Martian year is equal to 1.8809 Earth years, or 1 year , 320 days , and 18.2 hours , the Vedic numbers 4320 / 2296.824 = 1.88085. Venus in science completes an orbit of the sun in 224.65 days. The Vedic numbers 7022388 three decimal places 7022.388 / 4320 = 1.6255527 then 365.25636 a year divided by the modern number 224.65 = 1.622589. Mercury in science takes 88 days to complete an orbit around the sun. the Vedic numbers 17937020 , then 17937.02 / 4320 = 4.152 and 365.25636 / 88 = 4.15064. The credit for this page goes to Vedic astrologers or Vedic Scientist. |
| Vedic Astronomy |
| In a comment I recieved by James Q. Jacobs , look at the realationship between the days of Jupiter and a yuga 72 x 60 = 4320. link to James Q. Jacobs web site below. Given we are dealing with a scientific culture and not religious beliefs , I suspect the Vedic scholars compared orbits with orbits. Therefore, compare 365.25636053 with 4,332.589 , thus 11.86177564 , year 2000.0. An advantage of working with sidereal is the greater temporal accuracy. The year value changes moreover time. |
| The fifth Karana in the seal would be a Karana equals one lunar day, then 5 = two and a half lunar days 13.333 x 2.5 = 33.332 from 180 chitra west to the spring solstice. The 33.332 degrees represnt the inside angle that started at 90 degrees with one line Chitra and the northrern Ecliptic the winter solstice and the other line being the spring solstice at 90 degrees west. |
| Hindu astrology is based on the sidereal or visible zodiac , accounting for the shift of the equinoxes by a correction called ayanamsa. The difference between the Vedic and and the Western zodiac is at 24 degrees , this corresponds to a separation of 1700 years , when the vernal equnox was in the center or the constellation Pisces and the tropical zodiac coincided with the sidereal one (around 290 Ad , or 23.86 degrees as of 2000 ). and this is the time 180 opposite Chitra and the spring equinox meet , the end of having two points to make a calculation 25571.6 / 4 = 6392.9 6392.9 / 2 = 3196.45 Vedic 6480 / 2 = 3240 this calculation is for liniar separation and this is not 3196.45 / 2 = 1598.225 Vedic 3240 / 2 = 1620 1700 is closer in that the equinox moves faster. The Indic word to account for the shift is ayanamsa Anil-ayana = way or course of the wind , marut-ayana = "wind-passage" , vat-ayana = moving in the wind , vy-ayana going apart , separation RV. ayanamsa is from Hams-ayana = goose , Swan as a vehicle. |
| The earliest Indian planetary systems had two separate models given by Aryabhata both epoch dates start around 3101 BCE . Aryabhata knew of the numbers to the right yet did not know or realize the relationship of orbits . In multipling 4320 (a yuga) by a thousand 4320000, Aryabhta changes a kalpa from 1000 to 1008. This is obviously the dividing factor for the three decimal place system . This system used the star polaris as the middle and piscium (war) thus 27 degrees east was the start of the sidereal system. Today Polaris is centered so that computing the beginning of the Kali Yuga is made easy by subtracting 4320 years from today 4320 - 2009 = 2311 BCE and Aryabhta again changes the way of calculating a yuga by dividing by 4 , 4320 / 4 = 1080 the start of the prior yuga (dwipayuga) starts with 180 Chitra in bhadrapada 47 degrees east of 0 degree today (the middle of the "dvi-par-yuga' being the winter solstice equaling 180 degrees opposite Chitra and intersecting the Northern Ecliptic Pole , 180 Chitra moving clock wise) and the spring solstice started in cancer (Puspa moving counter clock wise) this automatically created 0 Mesha that is where 180 opposite chitra and the spring solstice enventually cross. Aryabhata start of the Kilayuga was 3101 BCE by subtracting 3101 from 2311 = 790. Aryabhata then converts to the Christian calendar where 0 Mesha falls 290 years after the start of the Christian age , by dividing a yuga by 4 (1080 ) 3101 - 2311 = 790 and 790 + 290 =1080 it appears he did not subtract the 790 years. |
| Vedic Astronomers used a system of 72 x 60 = 4320 instead of 71.6 x 60 =4296 . 72x360degrees =25920 years a complete cycle of the precission. These numbers point to a system where the number of orbits of the planets the moon and the sidereal stars with the precession are accouted for. They adopted or possible where the first to use the 360 degree system , where 360 is one complete revolution times 120 would equal 4320 , or one 6Th of the precession of the equinox 4320 x 6 = 25920 this than forms a hexagon where all the lengths of the sides ( the circle of the precession) are equal , then the inside angles equal 120 degrees. The inside angles would be 120 x 6 = 720 ( 72 x 60 = 4320). The Vedic Ages or era's are 1200 Kilayuga , 2400 Dwiparyuga , 3600 Tritayuga , 4800 Satyayuga , (they are backwards as the latter ages should have the younger number). Here I apply the sidereal luner month 54 degrees ( 27 degrees on both sides of vertical north) 1200 x 54 = 6480 one and a half yuga's 4320 + 2160 = 6480 and 90 degrees of the procession , 2400 x 54 = 129600 is 3 yuga's or half of the procession , 3600 x 54 = 194400 is 4.5 yuga's , 4800 x 54 = 259200 is 6 yuga's. At the Satyayuga the ratio equals a complete precession 259200 , then it stops and does not continue to 7200 as the ratio of 720 equaling a whole hexagon. In 120 years there is "6480" 54 degree sidereal lunar intervals , in 6480 / 2 = 3240 there is 60 years , in 3240 / 2 = 1620 has 30 years. A yuga of 4320 human years has ether 120 years or 360 years intervals as a ratio of the 120 x 360 = 4320 , 120 years equals 6480 sidereal intervals and 6480 / 360 =18 and 3240 / 360 = 9. 3 square = 9 9 square = 81 and 81 square minus 81 = 6480 or 9 square - 9 = 72 60degrees + 30degrees = 90degrees 4320years + 1260years = 6480 years. 72years =1degree 72x90=6480 than the curvature 6480 / 120 = 54 and 54/2= 27degrees of sidereal zodiac. Sidereal Zodiac is 27 degrees east from vertical and 27 west of vertical. Padma Purana chapter 3 the Sage Pulastya: Verse-15 "one manvantara is equal to 852000 divya varshas which are equal to 306720000 (paarthiva)human years. 852000 864000 is two yuga's 432000 + 432000 then 864000 - 852000 = 12000 minus a kalpa you have 12 years difference , this number is the sidereal for 864 years minus 12 years or 12 x 72 = 864. 360 degrees is one spin of the earth in one day times 360 degrees , that actually equals 365.4 days = 129600 and 432000 / 129600 = 3.333... and 8460000 / 129600 = 6.666... and 6.666... x 2 = 13.33332 or 432000 x 4 = 1728000 that is a the Satya era divided by 1728000 / 12960 = 13.333 and 360 degrees divided by 27 naksatras is 13.3333. from above 5775.336 divided by 4320 = 13.3333 . Corrections for the above : a day is not the same as the rotation. There are 1.0027378 +/- rotations per day and Epoch 2000.00 = 26.92847805 solar orbit per lunar sidereal orbit degrees and Epoch -2758.0 = 26.92848782 These values from site below. |
| The Aryabhyatiya of Aryabhata The oldest exact astronomic constant? |